list of issues of SJM

1.Issues list SJM

There are three types of subjects on which we work

1. INDIAN ECONOMIC ORDER OF PAST = 7 topics 2. Current topics ( 7 issues) 3. Issues concerning working of SJM (5 topics), PERMANENT TOPIC OR PROBLEMS, (4), DAYS TO BE CELEBRATED (7) 5. LOCAL PROBLEMS- (6). TOTAL= 36.
let us count the permanent issues. 1. Indian economic model of past. Wherein we take the topics of Ramrajya, shukracharya, kautilya's Arthshastra etc. As wells we can take the economic development in various fields prior to the advent of English company. Sh Ojha ji takes this topic very well in his speeches and I have got a copy of the speech with me. Moreover I have notes prepared from Sh Soni' book and perhaps delivered the lecture on this I n o ur OTCs. I have got new data from the book of Subhash wherein he asks was India a poor country or not and the example of FM,PM speeches in foreign countries. So it should be prepared well. HAMARA GAORAVSHALI ATEET, our GLORIOUS PAST.

2. Hind Swaraj and Ganthian economic philosophy. I have read this book well and delivered lectures on this topic at various levels, and attended the seminar in TN. I delivered lecture on this topic in the presence of Sh Datta ji in Jalandhar as well.Think every year on 2nd oct this issue should betaken. I should collect all the material on one place.
six attributes of Indian model: 1. Decentralised, 2. Village oriented, 3. poor-centric, Antyodayi, 4. Nature oriented or Eco-friendly 5. Employment generating ROJGAARONMUKHI, 6. Dharam-adharit or based on spiritual orientation.
3. We can also take the topic Economic p philosophy of Swami Vivekanand in this 150th Birth centenary
4. EKATAM MANAVAD OR INTEGRAL HUMANISM
5. THIRD WAY as propounded by Sh. DP Tengadi ji

6 . OTHER ECONOMIC THINKERS like Dharampal, Dadabhai Noaroji, Rammanohar Lohia, Ch. charan Singh and Ambedkar or some time called the TRIO - GANDHI ,LOHIA ,deendayal. economic thoughts of Swami Vivekanand.
7. Positive aspect of India like Natural Resources, Family system, Big internal Market, Natural entrepreneurship, English knowing big class,and heritage, Youth Power growing, Brain Gain in IT, Democracy and goodwill amongst other countries due to our role in their independence movements,as are written in our book

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
SJM RELATED TOPICS:

1. General globalisation concept and history of Globalisation
2. Evolutionary Process of SJM. I have prepared short note on this topic.
3. Other successful experiments of concept of Swadeshi iin India and abroad. Not yet prepared. 
4. Organisational structure of SJM, and and seven points. ( prepared form)
5. 20 years of globalisation (two typed forms of Sh. Ashwani ji and Bhagwati ji.

CURRENT TOPICS:
1. WATER PRIVATISATION the topic I have prepared is the water policy 2012. It was just introduced in the sang baithak, but strangely enough it was not an easy job there. he introduced the topic amongst Parliamentarians ND AT TWO THREE places like Indor.

Though I have collected articles of Bhagwati and Two from The Hindu and one two from rediff. But quotations and the main 16 page draft should also be read along with it.
Importance of the subject is that it should be distributed on at least as much places as 250 where water pvt issue has been started. if we can think of a Yates on this count.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE:
For the last three years I have been taking this issue in different OTCs, and this the issue sense taken at the birth anniversary program of DP Thengadi Memorial lecture in 2007. I prepared a wide note on this topic in the written and acceptable form also but more efforts are to be done on this topic.

3. THE RIVER ISSUE. We considered it a very important topic also and an all India seminar was done in Jamshedpur on this topic but I think no followup of this had been done.7.GANGA AND relat ed issues

4. Agriculture in India and abroad, organic farming, BT issues, seed Bill, BRAI,

4. INDIAN COWS,

5. Land Acquisition Act,
6. FDI IN RETAIL AND OTHER FDIs

PERMANENT PROBLEMS: 
1. Terrorism, fake currency
2. Chinese Threat,
3. poverty and inequality.,
4. Black money and Corruption,

LOCAL ISSUES!
1 Vedanta and POSCO, rengali right,
2. ski village, 
3" Una SEZ
4. plachmada
5. Turmeric,
6.yamuna
7.

IMPORTANT DAYS TO BE CELEBRATED:

1. 5th June environment day, 28th august, of Rajasthan 
2. Thengadiji birth and death annuversay ( nov 10-1920 to October 14, 2004)
3. 25 sept to 2nd oct, swadeshi saptah. 
4. 10 August videshi company Bharat chhodo, on the format of Anqgreji Bharat Chhodo
5. Babu genu Martyrdomday , 12 December
6.Bhopal tragedy day 3rd December 
There is a full list of INTERENATIONAL DAYS ini the guise of which we can take the issues I.e.internationals family day, ozone gas day, seed day, and the like.World
World JANUARY

Days in January 2012
04
World Braille Day 2012
FEBRUARY
World Days in February 2012
02
World Wetlands Day 2012
04
World Cancer Day 2012
05
World Nutella Day 2012
20
World Day of Social Justice 2012
21
International Mother Language Day 2012
22
World Thinking Day 2012
MARCH
World Days in March 2012 MARCH
07
World Maths Day 2012
08
International Womens Day 2012
22
World Water Day 2012
24
World Tuberculosis Day 2012
31
Earth Hour 2012
APRIL

World Days in April 2012
01
International Tatting Day 2012
02
World Pillow Fight Day 2012
03
World Party Day 2012
07
World Health Day 2012
11
World Parkinson's Day 2012
17
World Hemophilia Day 2012
22
Earth Day 2012
23
World Book and Copyright Day 2012
MAY
World Days in May 2012
01
World Asthma Day 2012 and International Labor Day 2012
03
World Press Freedom Day 2012
04
International Firefighters Day 2012
05
World Athletics Day 2012
08
World Red Cross Day 2012
10
World Lupus Day 2012
12
International Nurses Day 2012 and International CFS Awareness Day
15
International Day of Families 2012
17
World Telecommunication Day 2012
19
World Hepatitis Day 2012
21 WORLD YOGA DIVAS..
World Anti Terrorism Day 2012
22
International Day for Biodiversity 2012 and International Day for Biological Diversity 2012
23
World Turtle Day 2012
25
World Meteorological Day 2012
31
World No Tobacco Day 2012
JUNE
World Days in June 2012
01
International Childrens Day 2012
04
International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression and World Naturist Day 2012
05
World Environment Day 2012
08
World Ocean Day 2012
14
World Blood Donor Day 2012
19
World Sauntering Day 2012 and World Sickle Cell Day 2012
20
World Refugee Day 2012
21
World Music Day 2012
23
International Olympic Day 2012
26
International Anti Drugs Day 2012
JULY

World Days in July 2012
01
International Joke Day 2012
02
World Sports Journalists Day and World UFO Day 2012
06
World Zoonosis Day
07
International Day of Cooperatives 2012
11
World Population Day 2012
AUGUST DAYS
World Days in August 2012
12
International Youth Day 2012
13
International Left Handers Day 2012
SEPTEMBER

World Days in September 2012
08
International Literacy Day 2012
13
World Kindness Day 2012
15
International Day of Democracy 2012 and World Lymphoma Awareness Day 2012
19
International Talk Like a Pirate Day 2012
21
International Peace Day 2012 and World Gratitude Day 2012
22
World Maritime Day 2012
24
World Heart Day 2012
27
World Tourism Day 2012
OCTOBER
World Days in October 2012
and World Vegetarian Day 2012 and World Habitat Day 2012
02
World Farm Animal Day 2012
04
World Animal Day 2012 and 
05
World Teachers Day 2012
07
International Day for Older Persons 2012
09

10
World Mental Health Day 2012 
12
International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction 2012
15
World Handwashing Day 2012
16
UN World Food Day 2012
17
International Day For Eradication Of Poverty 2012
20
International Osteoporosis Day 2012
23
UN Disarmament Week 2012
24
World Development Information Day 2012

31
World Savings Day 2012

NOVEMBEर
14
World Diabetes Day 2012

19
World Toilet Day 2012 and 2012
2012 and Universal Children Day 20
DECEMBER DAY
World Days in December 2012
01
World Aids Day 2012
02
International Day for the Abolition of Slavery 2012
03
International Day of Disabled Persons 2012
07

09
International Anti Corruption Day 2012
10
Human Rights Day 2012
11
International Mountain Day 2012
13
World Violin Day
18
International Migrants Day 2012

SJM KEY ISSUES OF RESEARCH

Key Issues of Research

Swadeshi Jagaran Manch Think Tank

Keeping in view the objectives and vision of Swadeshi Jagaran Manch, a Think Tank has been established to provide evidence and data base research support to its activities in future. Think Tank is aimed at mobilizing and networking with the intellectuals and research scholars working in the area of Economics, Political Sciences, Sociology, Science and Technology and related discipline to identify and deliberate upon the key social, economic and political issues and challenges faced by India. This will involve conducting seminars and conferences and other related activities in the area of interest. It is aimed at establishing its units in all the region of the country to mobilie local intellectual capital of experts and intelligentsia.

India, great ancient civilizations, is a nation of over 1.3 billion people. Today, it is the third largest economic power of the world based on purchasing power parity. Growth of its farm sector during last 50 years has made the country self-sufficient in food with a much diversified food crops, horticulture, pulses and several cash crops. The country now boasts a one of the diversified manufacturing base in the world with globally competitive pharmaceutical and automobile sector. India’s service sector is now contributing over 50% to the GDP and known for its globally competitive IT industry. The industrial-military complex created over time along with its world class armed forces has provided national security and helped to win several wars during last five decades. However, several of its problems like poverty, illiteracy and health etc are continuing. Presently, farmers are under distress and youths are looking for appropriate jobs, existing self-employed people are facing serious challenges to their existence, national security is facing challenges from new emerging power in the neighborhood. The challenge of climate change is putting strain on its resources to be more efficient and innovative in its manufacturing to follow low-carbon growth.

National security, economic prosperity and economic security are all interdependent. Economic security depends of the utilization of its resources efficiently and effectively for the welfare of its people. How are resources utilized depends on norms, traditions, beliefs and values of the people. India’s rich cultural heritage has helped it to adapt, evolve and survive over time. For instance, ‘agriculture’ has been its first culture as diverse population depends on this; making India unique in its own way. This holds true as almost all cultural traditions, arts, music has its agrarian inspiration, source and origin.

At the same time, in today’s globalized and connected world economy, it is believed that there is need to understand India and its problems in a global context. Further, it requires to have a holistic view of the development with a focus on geography, economy, society, politics, its culture and civilization and aspirational need of people.

Keeping in mind above mentioned challenges, issues and concerns, it is decided that the Think Tank will work on the following key issues for research to come up with a solution. These issues have been divided into six areas: Economic, Energy, Self-reliance and sustainability, Social and community, International and Geopolitical, others.

I. Economic

1. Employment and skill Development

2. Livelihood and work: Kisan and Artisan and clusters

3. Small and Medium Enterprises and clusters

4. Agriculture

5. Rural Development

6. Smart cities and urban development

6. Poverty and Inequality

7. Large Corporate Enterprises

8. External Trade and Investment

10. Services Sector and E-Commerce

11. Telecom, Transportation and Logistics Infrastructure

II. Energy Mix

12. Oil and Gas

13. Non Renewable Energy sources

III. Sustainability, Resources and Environment

14. Environment

15. Technology , Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights

16. Financial Resources: Development Funds and Financial Institutions

IV. Social and community

17. Family Structure

18. Terrorism and Economic Effects

19. Blue and Ocean Economy

20. WTO

21. Multinational Corporations

22. Multilateral Institutions and Global forums

V. International and Geopolitical

23. China and East Asia

24. North America and Europe

25. Africa and Other Countries

VI. Others

26. Political system and Governance

27. List of Swadeshi and NRI Updating

1. चार विषय:  प्रकार की गर्मी हो गई जैसे एग्रीकल्चर से सर्विस इसी प्रकार मैन्युफैक्चरिंग और चौथा ब्लू इकोनामी भी अलग से हो सकता है और यह कमाई का अनटैप्ड सोर्स है। मेरा ख्याल है churning of oceans जो पुस्तक लिखी गई है वह इसी पर लिखी गई है।

2. इसी प्रकार से दूसरे ग्रुपिंग WTO, मल्टीनेशनल कंपनीज और फंडिंग यूनिट इंटरनेशनल तथा टेररिज्म और क्रीम इकोनामी यह विचार एक अलग प्रकार से.

3. अंतरराष्ट्रीय राजनीति में चाइना एक बाकी एशियन कंट्री दो America तथा अफ्रीकी देश मुस्लिम देश इस प्रकार से अर्थव्यवस्था को समझने के कई प्रकार हो सकते हैं।

चीन संबंधी नारे

Jay ghosh
1. चीनी वस्तु छोड़ कर,
     बोलो वंदे मातरम
2. चीनी वस्तु न भाई ना, न भाई ना, ना भाई ना, ना भाई ना
3. चीनी बहिष्कार, स्वदेशी स्वीकार।
4. हम सबका एकही नारा, चीनी सामान नहीं हमारा।

5.
बायकॉट बायकॉट, चाइनीज बायकॉट
बायकॉट बायकॉट, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
1. रोजगार बचाने को, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
व्यापार बढ़ाने को, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
2. सेहत की सुरक्षा को, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
पर्यावरण की रक्षा को, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
3. आतंकी करने फेल को, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
नक्सली पर नकेल को, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
4. कुटीर उद्योग बढ़े घर घर,-चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
लघु उद्योग उड़े फर फर, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
5. कई रोगों की एक दवा है, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
कई पापों की एक सजा है, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।

6. बच्चे ,बूढ़े, जवान करेंगे, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
कामगर किसान करेंगे, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
7. 
बॉयकॉट, बॉयकॉट, चाइनीज बॉयकॉट।
 

गांधी कहते हैं

गाँधी जी कहते हैं
1. Gandhi Speaks - 5 Civil disobedience becomes a sacred duty when the state becomes lawless or corrupt. जब राज्य कानून विहीन या भ्रष्ट हो जाता है तब असहकार पवित्र फ़र्ज़ बन जाता है। 
2.Gandhi Speaks -  The moment the slave resolves that he will no longer be a slave, his fetters fall. Freedom and slavery are mental states. जिस क्षण कोई गुलाम यह तय करे कि अब वह गुलाम नहीं रहेगा, उसी क्षण उस की जंजीरें टूट जाती है। स्वतंत्रता और गुलामी एक मानसिक स्थिति होती है।

3. I understand democracy as something that gives the weak the same chance as the strong. मैं लोकतंत्र को ऐसी कुछ बात समझ रहा हूं कि इस में दुर्बल व्यक्ति को भी सबल व्यक्ति जितने ही अवसर प्राप्त हों। 4. स्वदेशी: Much of the deep poverty of the masses is due to the ruinous departure from Swadeshi in the economic and industrial life. If not an article of commerce had been brought from outside India, she would be today a land flowing with milk and honey! लोगों की भारी गरीबी मोटे तौर पर आर्थिक एवं औद्योगिक जीवन में से स्वदेशी की विनाशक बिदाई है। भारत के बाहर से किसी भी व्यापारी चीज़ अगर नहीं लाई जाती तो आज इसमें दूध और मध की नदियां वाली भूमि होती।
Speaks -4, In democracy, individual's opinion and actions are carefully protected. Therefore, I believe that minority has full rights to behave differently from that of majority. लोकतंत्र में व्यक्ति के मत और कार्य की स्वतंत्रता की सावधानी से रक्षा की जाती है। इस लिए मेरी मान्यता है कि अल्प मत को बहुमत से भिन्न आचरण करने का पूरा अधिकार है। लोकतंत्र कोई ऐसी व्यवस्था नहीं है कि जिसमें लोग भेड़ों की तरह बर्ताव करें। अंतरात्मा की आवाज़: The only tyrant I accept in this world is the still voice within. इस जगत में मैं सिर्फ एक ही त्रासवादी का स्वीकार करता हूं और वह है मेरे अंदर से आ रही मजबूत आवाज :

5. Gandhi Speaks -  In matters of conscience, the law of majority has no place. अंतरात्मा के मामले में बहुमत के कानून का कोई स्थान नहीं है।
6.Speaks : The spirit of democracy cannot be superimposed from the outside. It must come from within. Freedom is like birth. Till we are fully free, we are slaves. बाहर से लोकतंत्र की भावना थोपी नहीं। जा सकती। वह तो अंदर से आनी चाहिए। स्वतंत्रता तो जन्म जैसी है। हम सम्पूर्ण स्वतंत्र हों वहां तक हम गुलाम ही होते हैं।

7. A 'No' uttered from the deepest conviction is better than a 'Yes' merely uttered to please, or worse, to avoid trouble. पूर्ण निष्ठा के साथ कही गई 'ना', यह सिर्फ किसी को खुश करने हेतु या, इस से भी बदतर, मुसीबत टालने हेतु कही गई 'हां' से ज्यादा अच्छी है। 
8. No government on Earth can make men, who have realized freedom in their hearts, salute against their will. पृथ्वी पर की कोई भी सरकार ऐसे मनुष्यों को उन की इच्छा के ख़िलाफ़ सलामी देने वाले नहीं कर सकती जिन्होंने अपने हृदय में स्वतंत्रता सिद्ध कर ली है।

10.  असली अर्थशास्त्र: The economics which preaches worship of wealth and allows the powerfuls to amass wealth at the cost of the weak, is wrong economics, and it is fatal. जो अर्थशास्त्र धनपूजा का उपदेश दिया करता हो और जो अशक्त लोगों की कीमत पर शक्तिमान लोगों को धन संचय करने देता हो, वह गलत शास्त्र है, और वह घातक है।

11. Nothing is more shameful in the whole history for the human intelligence than the acceptance of the remedies offered by present economics as a science
. वर्तमान अर्थशास्त्र के उपायों को विज्ञान के रूप में स्वीकार करना उस से ज्यादा शर्मनाक चीज़ मनुष्य बुद्धि में समूचे इतिहास में दूसरी कोई नहीं है। Speaks

12. If we establish power of ethics instead of wealth in our homes, in our palaces and in our temples, we will be able to fight any kind of a group of enemies without suffering from the burden of a gaint military. Only this is real economics. 
अगर अपने घरों में, अपने महलों में, अपने मंदिरों में हम धन की सत्ता के बजाय नीति की सत्ता को प्रस्थापित करेंगे तो, बड़ी सैना का भार बर्दाश्त किए बिना हम किसी भी प्रकार के शत्रु समूह के सामने लड़ सकेंगे। यही सच्चा अर्थशास्त्र है।

13. The economics which ignores ethics and emotions is like a wax statue, life can't enter into it. 
जो अर्थशास्त्र नीति एवम् भावनाओं का अनादर करता हो वह मोम के पुतले जैसा है, उसमें जीवन का प्रवेश नहीं हो सकता।

14. Every human being has a right to life and therefore, he as a right to acquire means for his own nutrition and own clothings and house wherever needed. But, we don't need any help of economists or their theories for this very simple function. 
हरेक मनुष्य को जीवन जीने का हक है और इसी लिए उसे अपने पोषण करनेके साधन एवम् जहां ज़रूरत हो वहां वस्त्र और घर प्राप्त करने का हक है। लेकिन, इस अति आसान कार्य के लिए हमें अर्थशास्त्रीओंकी और उन के सिद्धांतों की सहायता की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं। 
15.  The economics which damages the moral well-being of an individual or a nation is unethical and therefore sinful. जो अर्थशास्त्र व्यक्ति या देश की नैतिक कुशलक्षेम को हानि पहुंचाता है वह अनैतिक है और लिए पापी है। 

16. The economics which allows hunting of one country by another country is immoral. जो अर्थशास्त्र एक देश को दूसरे देश का शिकार करने की अनुमति देता है वह अनैतिक है। Source: Young India, 13-10-1921.

17. A poor and illiterate person is a very big person than the clever trader, lawyer or doctor who earns money through improper means. अयोग्य साधनों से पैसे कमाने वाले चतुर व्यापारी, वकील या डॉक्टर से तो गरीब और निरक्षर व्यक्ति बहुत बड़ा आदमी होता है। Speaks - 41 [11/28, 22:46]

: ऋतस्य श्लोको बधिरा ततर्द । - (ऋग्वेद, 4.23.8) सत्य की प्रशंसा बहरों के भी कानों को खोल देती है। [11/29, 06:03]

18. Speaks - 59 Economic equality is the prime key of perfect non-violent swaraj. आर्थिक समानता अहिंसक पूर्ण स्वराज की प्रमुख चाबी है।1 29-11-2018. [11/30, 06:01]

19. Speaks - 60 Working for economic equality means ending of a permanent quarrel between capital and labour. 
आर्थिक समानता के लिए काम करने का अर्थ है पूंजी और मजदूरी के बीच की स्थायी लड़ाई को मिटाना। . [12/1, 06:01]

20.Speaks - 61 My ideal is equal distribution but it is not possible to achieve till I see, therefore, I work for the just distribution. मेरा आदर्श समान वितरण का है पर मैं देख सकूं वहां तक इसकी सिद्धि संभवित नहीं है इस लिए मैं न्यायी वितरण के लिए कार्य करता हूं। . [12/2, 06:21]

21. Gandhi Speaks - Swaraj of my dream is the Swaraj of the poor. All the needs of life used by the king and the rich class should also be easily available to the poor. मेरे सपने का स्वराज गरीबों का स्वराज है। राजा और अमीर लोग जीवन की जिन ज़रूरतों का इस्तेमाल करते हैं वे उनको भी सुलभ होनी च

22. Speaks - Coal made of burnt woods may have become cheaper after the fire, bricks of fallen house may have become cheaper after the earthquake, but nobody would dare to say that fire and earthquake were beneficial to the people. आग लगने के बाद लकड़े जलके बने कोयले सस्ते हो सकते हैं, भूकंप आने के बाद गिरे हुए घरकी इंटें सस्ती हो सकती हैं, लेकिन इस से आग और भूकंप प्रजा के लाभ के लिए हुए ऐसा कहने की हिम्मत कोई नहीं करेगा। (चीन व ऐमज़ॉन के बारे में ठेड़क है)

23. Speaks -  It is useless talking about India's freedom by those people who are not glad in their hearts by seeing goods produced by our poor artisans and who do not wish to renounce something for them. हमारे गरीब कारीगर स्त्री- पुरुषों द्वारा बनाई चीजों को देख कर जिन का हृदय प्रसन्न नहीं होता, जिन्हें उनके लिए थोड़ा त्याग करने का मन नहीं होता, वे भारत की स्वतंत्रता की बात करे यह बेकार की बात है

24. Gandhi Speaks - 
Only those companies can be called Swadeshi where control, management and administration by a managing director or a managing agent are in the hands of Indians. 
जिन कंपनीओं में नियंत्रण, प्रबंधन एवम् मेनेजिंग डायरेक्टर या मेनेजिंग एजेंट द्वारा चलनेवाला प्रशासन भारतीयों के हाथ में हो उसे ही स्वदेशी कहा जा सकता है। :

25.Gandhi Speaks -  I cannot expect to establish economic equality of my imagination. If it is to be established, I will have to drag myself to the situation in which the most poor person lives. 
मैं अपनी कल्पना की आर्थिक समानता की स्थापना करने की आशा नहीं रख सकता। अगर इस की स्थापना करनी हो तो मुझे अपने आप को गरीबों में भी जो गरीब है, उस की स्थिति में ले जाना चाहिए।

26.speaks -  I cannot expect to establish economic equality of my imagination. If it is to be established, I will have to drag myself to the situation in which the most poor person lives. मैं अपनी कल्पना की आर्थिक समानता की स्थापना करने की आशा नहीं रख सकता। अगर इस की स्थापना करनी हो तो मुझे अपने आप को गरीबों में भी जो गरीब है, उस की स्थिति में ले जाना चाहिए।

27.  We all should do that kind of labour for one hour which is being done by the poor and in that way we will achieve solidarity with them and through them with the whole humankind. I can not imagine a more noble or national work than that labour.
हम सब एक घंटे के लिए गरीबों को जो मजदूरी करनी पड़ती है वह करें और इस तरीके से हम उन के साथ और इन के द्वारा समूची मानवजात के साथ एकता सिद्ध करें। इस से ज्यादा अच्छा या राष्ट्रीय कुछ और भी हो सकता है,ऐसी कल्पना मैं नहीं कर सकता।

28. Speaks - Each and every individual should do physical labour for bread, the body should be bent, that is the Divine Rule. 
रोटी के लिए प्रत्येक मनुष्य को मजदूरी करनी चाहिए, शरीर को मोड़ना चाहिए, यह ईश्वरीय नियम है। The state is a necessary evil. We need it to protect our rights...the state has to tax us to protect us, and the violence it thus commits is necessary to protect us from greater violence.

29. राज्य एक अनिवार्य अनिष्ट है। अपने अधिकारों की रक्षा के लिए हमें इस की आवश्यकता है.... राज्य को हमारी रक्षा हेतु हम से कर वसूली करनी पड़ती है, और इस तरीक़े से वह जो हिंसा करता है वह ज्यादा हिंसा से हमारी रक्षा करने के लिए आवश्यक है। By Amit Varma (Indian writer, 1945 - ):

30. Speaks - In cities and palaces, crores of people can never live with each other in peace. There, they can not escape from taking resort to violence and untruth. शहरों और महलों में करोड़ों लोग एकदूसरे के साथ कभी भी शांति से जी नहीं सकते। वहां हिंसा एवम् असत्य का आसरा लिए बिना उन के पास कोई चारा नहीं है। Source: 'The Last Phase - 2', p: 544. By Pyarelal. . Source: 'Harijan', 12-11-1938.

31.Speaks - As long as democracy is sustained by violence, it can't protect or maintain the weak people. 
जहां तक लोकतंत्र को हिंसा द्वारा टिकाए रखते हो वहां तक वह न तो दुर्बल लोगों की रक्षा कर सकेगा या न तो उनका निर्वाह कर पाएगा।

32. Speaks -  Purchasing or using goods produced by exploited labour is a sin. शोषित श्रम से पैदा हुई चीजों को खरीदना या इन का उपयोग करना पाप है। Ahmedabad.15-12-2018.

33. Gandhi Speaks -  Today the machines help few people to ride over the back of the lakhs of people. The inspiration behind them is not the instinct of philonthrophy for labour saving but it is greed. With all my powers I am fighting against this kind of social composition. आज तो यंत्र बहुत थोडेसे लोगों को लाखों लोगों की पीठ पर सवार होने में सहायता करते हैं। इसके पीछे की प्रेरणा श्रम बचाने की परोपकारी वृत्ति नहीं है बल्कि लोभ है। मैं अपनी पूरी ताकत के साथ समाज की ऐसी रचना के ख़िलाफ़ लड़ रहा हूँ। Source: All Men Are Brothers, Navjeevan, p: 162.

34. Gandhi Speaks -  The ideal of continuously creating necessities in unlimited terms and satisfying them is an illusion and a conspiracy. 
अमर्यादित मात्रा में ज़रूरतें पैदा करते ही जाने का और इन की परिपूर्ति करने का आदर्श एक भ्रम है, और यह एक साज़िश है। Source: The Selected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol.6, p:326.

स्वदेशी आंदोलन - ठेंगडी जी

1. "स्वदेशी आंदोलन" नामक माननीय दत्तोपंत ठेंगड़ी जी का भाषण 8 जुलाई 2002 का जोधपुर का है . वैसे तो कई बार इस विषय पर श्रधेय ठेंगडी जी बोले हैं, परंतु यह भाषण अपने आप मे अलग से है, स्वदेशी के सभी पक्ष इसमें सविस्तार लिए हैं। यह 'सर्वसमावेशी स्वदेशी' पुस्तक में संकलित है और यूट्यूब में भी है। वहां शीर्षक है "स्वदेशी ही समाधान || दत्तोपंत ठेंगडी और यह 57.10 मिनट्स का है और उसका लिंक है https://youtu.be/h--Vk_sU9Pc
और आइए उस भाषण का सारांश पढ़ लेवें।
1. सब से पहले वो कहते हैं स्वदेशी का ग्रह योग ऐसा है की स्थापना की पूर्व से ही इसका विरोध होता रहा है और किस प्रकार साम्यवादी लोग स्वदेशी का इसलिए विरोध करते कि हमने विदेशी चीजें नहीं खरीदनी इसीलिए स्वदेशी कंपनियां हमें लूटेंगे और हमें पैसा दिया गया है । ऐसा आरोप लगाया।परंतु अगले दिन ही जब स्वदेशी ने  कास्ट ऑफ़ प्रोडक्शन के आधार पर कीमत लिखा जाने का निर्णय किया तो उनकी बोलती बंद होगी गई ।
वह शुक्र नीति के उस श्लोका वर्णन भी करते हैं जिसमें कीमत कैसे तय होती है
2. स्वदेशी सिर्फ वस्तु प्रयोग तक सीमित नहीं, विचार है: एक नेता बोला कि हमारे क्षेत्र में स्वदेशी की बात सुनकर के लोग मजाक उड़ाएंगे कि यह 16वीं शताब्दी में देश को ले जाना चाहते हैं । उस पर वह बोलते हैं कि क्या आप के लोग क्या इतने एडवांस्ड हैं जैसी मोतीलाल नेहरू और दादा भाई नौरोजी  जिन्होंने स्वदेशी अंगीकार किया, तो चुप हो जाते हैं ।
बाद में कुछ उदाहरण 10 ऐसे देते हैं कि स्वदेशी क्या है?
पहला उदाहरण उसमें से जापान के द्वारा अमेरिकी संतरे ना बिकने का है।
दूसरा उदाहरण ब्रिटेन की महारानी ने जर्मनी की कार खरीदने का निर्णय और जनता के विरोध के कारण अपने देश की कार ही खरीदना।
तीसरा वियतनाम प्रमुख हो ची मिन्ह का और यह बताना फटी और मुरम्मत की गई पैंट इस लिए पहनता हूँ कि "माय कंट्री कैन अफ़्फोर्ड थिस मुच्।"
चौथा,  गांधी इरविन पैक्ट के समय महात्मा गांधी जी का निंबू पानी में वह नमक पुड़िया से डालना जो उन्होंने दांडी यात्रा में प्राप्त किया था।
पाचवां, कोलकाता में देश भक्तों द्वारा ब्रिटिश पुडिंग का विरोध और भारतीय पुडिंग यानी रसगुल्ला जैसे मिष्टान्नका परिवर्धित स्वरूप बनाया।
सातवां मुस्तफा गाजी कमाल पाशा जब तुर्किस्तान के प्रधानमंत्री बने तो उन्होंने तुर्की भाषा में कुरान का अरबी से तर्जुमा करवाया और इस पर खून खराबा तो हुआ लेकिन इस्लाम का राष्ट्रीयकरण यानी स्वदेशीकरण हुआ।
आठवां,  क्रिश्चियन मिशनरीओं के कुछ ग्रुप किस प्रकार से भारतीय परंपरा के अनुसार आमीन की जगह ओम और चौगा भी भगवा पहन रहे हैं।
नोवा उदाहरण, किस प्रकार से बाबू गेनू ने विदेशी सामान नहीं आने दिया और हम 12 दिसंबर का दिन मनाते हैं ।
दसवां  चीन और कोरिया की सरकारों ने माइकल जैकसन को अपने यहां प्रवेश नहीं दिया क्योंकि यह उनके देशों पर सांस्कृतिक हमला होगा .
3. इसके बाद ठेंगड़ी जी राष्ट्रवाद व अंतरराष्ट्रीयवाद के भ्रम को दूर करते हैं और मनमोहन सिंह व रामास्वामी के झूठे तर्कों को बताते हैं इंटरडिपेंडेंस और इंडिपेंडेंस में कहाँ तक विरोध नहीं है । स्वदेशी के मुताबिक :
3.1 पहला उदाहरण वह विरोध का यह बताते हैं कि हम पश्चिम के विकास मॉडल को ग्लोबल मॉडल है, और उसकी नकल सब देशों करना चाहिए,  इसका विरोध करते हैं।
3.2 और यही हमारे स्वदेशी का आधार कि हम दूसरे देशों से लेनदेन तो करेंगे पर बराबरी के आधार पर और उससे हमारे आत्मनिर्भरता पर आंच नहीं आनी चाहिए ।
3.3 दूसरा उदाहरण  देते हैं कि डब्ल्यूटीओ की भूमिका क्या है और इससे पहले बताते हैं कि कई बार हमारे पर आपत्ति की जाती है कि हम  सरकार में अपोजिशन का रोल अदा करते हैं । ऐसा नहीं है बल्कि हम सब सरकारों को राष्ट्रीय सरकार मानते हैं और उसके साथ "रेस्पॉन्सिव  कोऑपरेशन" के आधार पर व्यवहार करते हैं ।
4. WTO की भावना की शुरुआत 1991 से नहीं बल्कि पुरानी है। 
यह दूसरे विश्व युद्ध  के अंतिम चरण में 6 जून 1945 से जब अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति आइजनहावर की सेनाएं यूरोप तब आ गई और जब लगा कि इसमें सफलता मिलने वाली है तो उन्होंने किस प्रकार अपनी कॉलोनीज़ यानी अपनी उपनिवेशों को बचाया जाए ।इसके लिए प्रयास किया और वही अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ट्रेड की पहली सीढी बना। IMF एवम वर्ल्ड बैंक स्थापित किये।
4.  उनके कॉलोनी या उपनिवेश जीवित रहें इसके लिए पहला भ्रम फैलाया की हमारी पूंजी के बगैर किसी देश का विकास नहीं हो सकता इसलिए फॉरेन डायरेक्ट इन्वेस्टमेंट FDI अति आवश्यक है।
यह गलत बात है, और वह बताते हैं कि किस प्रकार राइट टू इन्वेस्ट हमारी संप्रभुता पर आघात है।
4.1 साथ ही हमारे नेताओं ने कहना शुरू किया कि लोग त्याग करने को तैयार नहीं हैं, वास्तव में यह बात भी ग़लत है। नेताजी सुभाष जब दक्षिण एशिया गए तो किस प्रकार लोगों ने सहयोग किया और लाल बहादुर शास्त्री का भी लोगों ने सप्ताह में एक समय का भोजन छोड़ कर के सहयोग किया ।और 62 की लड़ाई हो के बंगलादेश की, हमारे मजदूरों ने ओवरटाइम ना लेते हुए ज्यादा घंटे तक काम किया।  बेशक सामन्यतःव्यक्ति स्वार्थी है पर अगर ठीक ढंग से प्रेरणा दी जाए तो वह निस्वार्थ काम या परमार्थ के काम भी करता है।
4.3  दूसरा भ्रम फैलाया गया की विदेशी टेक्नोलॉजी ही मॉडर्न टेक्नोलॉजी है,और इसी प्रकार से अगर हम को देश आगे बढ़ाना है तो विदेशों से टेक्नोलॉजिकल सहयोग जरूर लेना चाहिये।  हिरोशिमा और नागासाकी का उदाहरण देकर के वो बताते हैं कि साइंटिफिक एडवांसमेंट की भी सीमा है और उसके लिए दुनिया में टेक्नोलॉजिकल ओंबड्समैन ombudsmen या उस पर नियंत्रण रखने वाले लोग होना चाहिए। और डॉक्टर अब्दुल कलाम की बात इंडिया 2020 की कहते हैं कि हमारा देश अपनी ही  तकनीकी एडवांसमेंट के आधार पर फर्स्ट रैंकिंग कंट्री हो सकता है ।
5. इसी प्रकार वर्ल्ड ट्रेड ऑर्गेनाइजेशन है विश्व व्यापार संगठन के बारे में बताते हैं कैसे उसका विरोध भी उसी के जानकार करते हैं और वह दो उदाहरण  जोसेफ स्टिगलटीज़ और दूसरा उदाहरण इंटरनेशनल मोनेटरी फंड के टॉप ऑफिशल डेविसन एल्बुगका देते हैं जिन्होंने खूब डट कर अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार संगठन का विरोध किया है।
5.1 फिर वह गोरे देशों की ग्रीन रूम पॉलिसी के बारे में बताते हैं। और मलेशिया के प्राइम मिनिस्टर महाथिर मोहम्मद में इसके विरोध में आवाज उठाई और साउथ साउथ कमिशन बनाया जिसके जनरल सेक्टरी डॉ मनमोहन सिंह थे और जब वह वित् मंत्री बने तो वह उन बातों को भूल गए कि कैसे गोरे देशों के विरोध में साउथ साउथ कमिशन रिपोर्ट तैयार की थी ऐसा ही उदाहरण यशवंत सिंहा जो उस समय भारत के वित्त मंत्री थे उनका भी वह देते हैं कि पहले वह विश्व व्यापार संगठन का विरोध करते थे परंतु जब वित्त मंत्री बने तो उन बातों को भूल गए और वह "एमनिशिया" amnesia नामक बीमारी का यानी पूर्ण विस्मरण वाली बीमारी का उल्लेख करते हैं जो वित्तमंत्री बनते ही शुरू हो जाती है।
5.2 अगला बिंदु है कि डब्ल्यूटीओ के मुताबिक सब देश समान है परंतु अमेरिका ऐसा नहीं करता वे 1988 के उस  कानून का और उसके स्पेशल 301 क्लॉज़ का वर्णन करते हैं और इसी प्रकार वह दूसरे नियम का भी वर्णन करते हैं कि जिसके कारण से उनका सामान कोई रोक नहीं सकता चाहे किसी देश को जरूरत हो या ना हो।
6.  अगला बिंदु लेते हैं कि महाथिर मोहम्मद ने सुझाव दिया था कि इन गोरे देशों की मोनोपोली को कैसे तोड़ा जाए और उसके लिए विकासशील देशों का अलग ब्लॉक बनाने की जरूरत है और भारत को उसका नेतृत्व करना चाहिए पर भारत में ऐसा नहीं किया । दूसरी बात कहते हैं कि हम ने समय-समय पर जो आवाज इसके खिलाफ उठाई उसके कारण डब्ल्यूटीओ की बैठक में दोहा में मुरासोली मारन ने विरोध किया और दुनिया में भारत छा गया। और हमने उनके सार्वजनिक अभिनंदन की बात भी सोची थी ।
7. साथ ही जो निवेश मीडिया में प्रिंट मीडिया में फॉरेन इन्वेस्टमेंट आ रहा है उसके लिए विरोध किया सरसंघचालक माने सुदर्शन जी की बयान को भी तोड़ मरोड़ कर छापा गया जो बाद में स्पष्ट हो गया तो इस यह सब बातें जन जागरण द्वारा जो चल रही है।
8.  अंत में इक्ष्वाकु राजा के सार्वभौमिकता का श्लोक बोलते हुए वे अपना भाषण पूरा करते हैं।

Angus Medisson and GDP

Britain perpetrated economic holocaust in India for 200 years
13 Jan 2019 16:18:10 

Economic history of Bharat is the tale of evolution from a largely agricultural/trading society with highest contribution to world GDP to a Nehruvian mixed economy of Communism manifested by perpetually in loss PSUs, Government manufacturing bread to running hotels as well as rag-tag of Capitalism manifested by strangulated private sector groaning under Licence-Permit Raj, unmitigated corruption, bribery and methodical plunder of nation’s wealth.

Organisation Of Economic Co-operation established OECD Development Centre in 1962, engaged a British economist Angus Maddison to study world economy and author a comprehensive treatise on that. Maddison rose to the call diligently and authored a famous book ‘The World Economy – A Millennial Perspective’ to illustrate the long-term economic performance of nations, factors to explain successful economies and bottlenecks that hamstrung laggards. It was published in 2001 by OECD as the entire project was sponsored by them. Maddison studied economic history of the world for the entire Christian era from AD 1 to AD 2000 conclusions of his extensive study have been startling for the entire world –

Since AD 1000, world population multiplied 22 times, per-capita GDP 13 times and World GDP 300 times. Major beneficiaries have been North America, Western Europe, Japan and Australia. However, these major beneficiaries have been poorer than Africa in AD 1000 albeit 20 times ahead of them now.

The contribution of Bharat’s GDP to the world GDP was highest in the year AD 1 at 34 per cent. The position of No. 1 in the world was re-attained in years AD 1000, AD 1500 and AD 1600 too.

USA and western countries contributed less than 2 per cent during this period of Christian history.

It begins with Indus Valley Civilisation (BC 3500–1800) marked by agriculture, animal husbandry, production of sharp-edged tools/weapons of copper, bronze and tin. Trading activity included terracotta pots, jewellery, precious gems, pearls and precious metals. By BC 600, silver coins were minted by Mahajanpadas symbolising extensive trading and urbanisation.

Mauryan Empire (321-185) was a great unifying empire of all kingdoms. Political stability and security ensured a massive rise in economic activity in all disciplines of human enterprise. The empire also imparted a tremendous boost to infrastructure development.

During 1500 years of post-Mauryan Empire, Bharat commanded the largest economy in the world. By AD 1700, Bharat possessed one-fourth to one-third of world’s entire wealth.

Unprecedented prosperity and accumulation of wealth continued even during the Mughal era (AD 1526-1858).

British association with the Indian economy came into being in AD 1600 through East India Company and export of Indian textiles and raw silk used to be paid through bullion. By AD 1757, British involvement expanded and they began paying for Bharatiya raw material, spices etc. through ‘revenue’ plundered from provinces captured by them largely through unfair means. Thus began decline and destruction of Bharatiya industry and wealth. The inflow of bullion completely stopped and British occupiers funded wars in Bharata/Europe with the land revenue extorted in the country and development coming to a grinding halt.

It took just 80 years to ruin Bharatiya economy (1780-1860) under colonial occupation from an exporter of finished products to exporter of raw material and importer of products manufactured abroad. Exploitation by British was ruthless and once a flourishing leading economy in the world was entirely emaciated to skeletons.
 
By 1950, Europe’s share rose to 23 per cent and Bharat’s declined to a mere 3 per cent.
 
Chanakya, the prime minister to first Mauryan King Candragupta (BC 340-290), described silver coins as Rupyarupa. Gold coins were known as Suvarnarupa, copper coins as Tamrarupa and lead coins as Sisarupa. Rupee, the name of contemporary currency originated from Chanakya’s Rupa alone.
 
On Aug. 15, 1947, 1 US $ was equivalent to 1 rupee only.
 
Madison authored a famous table that revealed how Bharat’s share in world economy declined from 24.4 per cent in AD 1500 to a measly 4.2 per cent in AD 1950. It is Table A.6 in Statistical Appendix A of Contours Of The World Economy, AD 1-2030 published in 2007. Bharat’s per-capita GDP in AD 1500 at $550 (valued at 1990 levels) with 25.1 per cent share of world population conceded the nation a gigantic economy in spite of per-capita GDP of western countries is higher at $798 and of China $600. The rate of growth of per-capita GDP and GDP peaked during AD 1870 to AD 1913 and registered at lowest level during AD 1870 to AD 1913. From 25 per cent of the world economy to the abject 4 per cent due to ruthless colonial plunder, is indeed a very tragic and sordid economic history of contemporary Indian economy. The Table also illustrates economic transformation spurred by the industrial revolution, rise of US and China post-1970 and collapse of the Soviet economy.
 
An Englishman Q. Craufurd described “Hindoo” society in his “Sketches Of The Hindoos” as he observed in the 1790s when British colonialism had not yet commenced their orgy of rape and plunder, “…where destructive hand of the conqueror had not fallen, Hindoos under their native sovereigns were governed on principles of the most just and benevolent policy. In those countries (local principalities), lands were highly cultivated; towns and their manufacture flourish; villages were composed of neat and commodious habitations and filled with cheerful inhabitants; and wherever the eye turned, it beheld marks of the mild protection of the Government and of ease and industry of the people.”
 
Utsa Patnaik of Columbia University estimated, during AD 1765 to AD 1938 Sterling Pounds 9.2 trillion equivalent to US $ 44.6 trillion were siphoned off at the colonial exchange rate of US $ 4.8 per Sterling Pound compounded at 5% interest rate. As entire foreign exchange earnings were transferred straightaway to London, the country was unable to import machinery and technology to modernise economy on the lines of Japan in AD 1870s. There was absolutely no rise in per-capita income from AD 1900 to AD 1929 in spite of second largest export earnings in the world for decades. Life-expectancy at birth in AD 1911 was mere 22 years and per-capita foodgrain consumption declined from 200 Kg. in AD 1900 to 137 Kg. in AD 1946. People died like flies while British were entirely busy plundering away our earnings to England. They established an elaborate tax-collection machinery with District Collector being the pivotal figure. Tax collections trebled under East India Company and the massive Bengal famine in 1770 killed at least 1 crore natives out of 3 crore human population. Tax collections were used to purchase goods from peasants and British ensured, collectors and buyers were different persons approaching at different intervals so that peasants never suspected, it was their own tax collected being used for buying their produce. So British-occupiers collected entire produce absolutely free. Intermediaries were nurtured extensively and several contemporary business houses earned their money through ‘Dalali’ for the British with almost non-existent income-tax, so established Utsa Patnaik.
 
Now it turns out for sure that the entire doctrine of Capitalism is based on robbery and plunder of so-called III-World/Developing Economies. According to Utsa Patnaik, during AD 1780 to AD 1820, British rate of savings was exactly the same figure that was siphoned off from Bharat and West Indies i.e. 6 per cent of British GDP. With 70 countries colonised, the quantum of plunder was so huge that it was impossible for a tiny country like Britain to digest entire loot, so they turned around to become the largest capital exporter. Entire so-called advanced capitalist world viz. USA, Europe, even Russia are in reality, capitalised with the loot and plunder perpetrated in so-called III-World countries. With this plundered wealth, Britain funded infrastructure in USA/Europe. Even war expenses too, were passed onto Bharatiya Budget with the shortfall whenever, declared as debt with hefty interest levied on that head. London-based Secretary of State for India used to hold one-third of Bharatiya revenue as ‘Expenditure Abroad’ to import from Bharata. So audacious are they that even today in 21st Century AD, Britain and Europe dub Bharatiya and Chinese investors in Africa ‘Neo-Imperialists’ with the sole intention to deflect focus from the economic holocausts that they committed in Bharat and China through colonialism disregarding the fact that they have been dealing with independent African governments. Then they dished out the dubious doctrine of ‘Free Trade’ only to serve their own interests at the expense of others.
 
Western countries want free access to agriculture in Bharat and China because they cannot cultivate crops and horticulture that are harvested here. Indeed, tropical countries must unite to extort better terms as so-called advanced western civilisations are critically dependent on us for their propped-up standards of living with some 70 per cent products sold in their Malls are essentially tropical in origin. And we are goaded to believe that so-called advanced countries are advanced because they are stupendously innovative and entrepreneurial. Not a single word of truth of history of economic-holocaust is ever taught in Britain and Bharat for obvious reasons, British grow up imbued with snobbery/haughtiness with a sense of ‘White man’s burden’ to civilise Blacks and Browns across the world while Hindus grow up suffused with ‘inferiority complex’, to accept it as destiny should they ever come to know all about that eventually or to prevent them from revolting out of sudden burst of anger if ever at all.
 
It is more than obvious, it is not for nothing that invaders intruded and ferociously ravaged us. They had multiple reasons to invade and colonise Bharat and China as otherwise, it would have been an impossible exercise for them to exist with profligacy. Quite ironically, all important reasons for them to intrude into Bharat still exist shall ever exist. It is absolutely imperative for Hindus of Bharat to remain incessantly conscious of all those impending dangers and lurking threats of survival, always stand united in this constant battle of existence. Even negligible slackness on this issue may invite terrible consequences to reckon with for a long time to come. Even pursuit of Vedic values for aeons failed to impart a sense of Hindu-unity among Hindus and Hindus stretched those values to disparagingly suicidal limits. Those invasions and plunder by intruders from overseas might have been a providential exercise to inculcate that sense of purpose among Hindus.
 
British Crown particularly King George V onward may be regarded as carriers of heaviest/enormous sins and felony perpetrated during their monarchy all over the world. According to Christian theology, every man is born as a sinner. Where else do you find such a nano-accuracy of the doctrine in action other than British Monarchy?
 
Like American Civil Rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., I too have a dream. I have a dream, one-day Raisina Hills in New Delhi shall appoint a Bharatiya Governor-General for the province of Britain, headquartered at Buckingham Palace, based in London and the province of Britain shall be ruled over by Bharat for at least 400 years. Not only shall we reclaim and recover our entire wealth plundered in those 200 years or so with interest, but also Bharat shall govern them, teach them essentials of governance and civility, disabuse them of ‘White man’s burden to civilise the world’ so that no country in the world shall ever dare to capture and ravage any other country in the world. That shall be yet another great gift from our ancient civilisation to the entire world at large.

 from Ritam
 
 

Angus Medisson and GDP AND PCI

World history by per capita GDP

World history by per capita GDP

Capital Account | Manas Chakravarty

  Share 

WED, AUG 25 2010. 10 43 PM IST

Updated: Wed, Aug 25 2010. 10 43 PM IST

Angus Maddison, the famed British economic historian who passed away earlier this year, is best known for his estimates of world gross domestic product (GDP) that go back all the way to the year 1 AD. In recent times, his charts have been used to tell the fascinating story of how the share of India and China in world GDP used to be very high till about 1600 AD, but started declining thereafter as they missed the industrial revolution. With their current rapid growth, their share in the world economy is now rising once again.

In 1000 AD, according to Maddison’s calculations, China and India together contributed 50.5% of world GDP (GDP being computed in 1990 dollars and in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms). By 1600, that share had gone up to 51.4%, with China accounting for 29% and India 22.4% of world GDP. A hundred years later, China’s GDP had fallen but India’s went up to 24.4% of world output. By 1820, however, India’s share had fallen to 16.1%. By 1870, it went down to 12.2%. International Monetary Fund (IMF) projections indicate that India’s share of world GDP would be 6.1% in 2015.

Also Read | Earlier columns by Manas

Was colonialism to blame? Did the drain of wealth to Britain impoverish a once wealthy country? Or was the decline in importance merely the result of the rise in productivity in Europe?

Also See | Per Capita GDP (Graphic)

Well, the growth of India’s GDP between 1500 and 1600 was 22.7%, between 1600 and 1700 it was 22.2% and between 1700 and 1820 it logged 21%. So it’s not as if there was any huge decline in the rate of growth. Of course, that doesn’t preclude the possibility that Indian growth, too, may have taken off if the country was not under the thumb of the British. But China continued to be an independent country, albeit one much plagued by the Western powers, and its rate of growth too during the period was nothing to be proud of. What the data seem to be saying is that the coming of the British did not, at least in the first 100 years of colonial rule, make much of a difference to the growth rate of the Indian economy.

Was India a wealthy country before the British came? The numbers that have garnered the most attention have been his GDP estimates, because they fit in with the narrative of a strong India and China getting back their clout in the world economy. But what is that to the average Indian or Chinese citizen? What if the only reason these countries had such a high GDP in earlier times was because they had a larger population?

That is what is brought out by Maddison’s estimates of GDP per capita, again in PPP terms in 1990 dollars. In 1 AD, India’s GDP per capita was $450, as was China’s. But Italy under the Roman Empire had a per capita income of $809. In 1000 AD, India’s per capita income was $450 and China’s $466. But the average of the West Asian countries, such as Turkey and Iraq, was much higher at $621. In terms of general prosperity, therefore, it was the Arab world that was doing well a millennium ago. The Caliphate in Baghdad was a centre of power at the time and both science and culture flourished.

By 1500, though, new centres of prosperity had emerged. India’s per capita income was $550 and China’s $600 in 1500. The Arab world had declined. But standards of living in Western Europe at that time had already gone far ahead. Italy topped the table, with a per capita income of $1,100, the Netherlands following with a per capita income of $761. This was the Italy of the Renaissance, the Italy of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, of Raphael and Titian. The UK was not far behind, with a per capita income of $714.

By 1600, the centre of Europe had shifted northwards and the golden age of Holland had begun. Dutch per capita income was $1,381 in 1600, while Britain in Shakespeare’s time had a per capita income of $974.

Recall that 1600 was the year the East India Company was founded. In contrast, India’s per capita income continued to be $550, while China’s was $600. Note that even Ireland, one of the poorest of Western Europe’s countries, had a per capita income of $615, higher than India’s and China’s. In short, the per capita GDP numbers mirror the changes in power, prosperity and cultural and scientific achievement.

It wasn’t till 1981 that India had a per capita income of $977, beating that of Britain in 1600. And it wasn’t until 1993 that India’s per capita income of $1,399 surpassed what the Dutch had achieved in 1600. Maddison’s calculations show that in 2008, India’s per capita GDP ( in 1990 dollars, PPP terms) was $2,975, slightly more than one-third of the world average of $7,614. We have a long way to go.

Graphic by Yogesh Kumar/Mint

Manas Chakravarty looks at trends and issues in the financial markets. Comment at capitalaccount@livemint.com